Week Two Progress (SEM 2)

In this week I continued learning about MATLAB and MATLAB's commands

I learnt about

• matrices 
• I learnt what the function of comma (,) semicolon (;) space and []
• Also I learnt how to make commands of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation in matrices
• Also i learnt the function of other commands such as " min(), max(), prob(), sum(), size(), diag()" and so on

• Also I studied about M-File and significant of commands like "clc & clear"

• Also I  knew some important commands like:
• linspace
• "linspace(minimum number, maximum number, number of points in between)"

• randint
• "randint(number of rows,number of columns,[minimum number,maximum number])"

• input "input('')"
• In input we should know about string and character
• string=a character or word
• character=a number or group of numbers
• In order to change from string to character or from chatracter to string "num2str & str2num" 

• On this week also I had started learning about 2D Plotting in martices
• Two things we should know when we cross the 2D plotting
• Dependent Variable    = variable dendening on other value
• Independent Variable  = its value doesn't on other values

• example

clc
clear
X=0:0.1:10
Y=sin(x)
polt(X,Y)

• In this examples 

X is the Independent Variable
Y is the Dependent Variable

Week One Progress (SEM 2)

I started with programming part i was focusing on learn and practice the fundamental of MATLAB. On the week one:

• I explored about MATLAB command window, workspace, array editor and command history.
• Then I started to practice simple mathmetical operation commands such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation square root (+, -, *, /, ^, sqrt).
• Then I learnt how to address the operation by using (%) command . 
• After that I discovered what predefined variables (pi, Inf, NaN, i, j) stands for.
• Also I learnt how to cancel an input command and the output without deleting by using (clear) command.
• Then enter trigonometric functions commands (sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot).
• Then the inverse trigonometric function commands (asin, acos, atan, asec, acsc, acot) wich usually used in 2D Plotting
• After that I studied how to enter hyperbolic functions  using (sinh, cosh, tanh, sech, csch, coth) commands
• Lastly  for week one I learnt how command inverse trigonometric functions (asinh, acosh, asech, acsch, acoth)

The Progress until Now

Located which arteries we going to examine the blood flow inside it >>> Upper Limb Arteries

Figured which utrasound device would be used in scanning the upper limb arteries blood flow and pressure >>> Doppler Ultrasound


Finded Which equations & methods will be used in order to convert the blood flow data into MATLAB language >>> The Navier-Stokes equations, Finite Difference Method, and Numerical Scheme.

WHY & WHY!!!

WHY Blood Flow? - not arteries-

•  Blood circulation is essential for body. Every cell in the body needs to received oxygen and nutrients. Blood rich in oxygen is sent to the body organs, tissues and cells to nourish them, and the waste products that result are disposed of through the same system.  Simply the body cannot function well without a strong circulatory system.
• Lack of studies which has been dedicated directly to examine the effect of smoking to the blood flow.

WHY Upper Limb Arteries?

If we look into the arterial system (refer to picture below) we can see that the best place to examine the blood flow is the arteries of upper limb for these reasons:

• Near to heart so we can see the blood speed and the blood pressure defferences easily.
• Near to surface (skin) so we can scan it easily and accurately.
• Branched into to terminal arteries so it is provide us enhancement of reading.

WHY Doppler Ultrasound?

Any regular ultrasounds uses sound waves to produce images, but non of them can show blood flow. Doppler the only one which can measure our blood flow and blood pressure.

WHY MATLAB Simulation?

Becuase MATLAB very familiar and popular engineering field. In 2004, MATLAB had around one million users across industry and academia. MATLAB users come from various backgrounds of engineering, science, and economics. MATLAB is widely used in academic and research institutions as well as industrial enterprises.

Project Main Tools

Simulation >>> MATLAB Software

MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. MATLAB is widely used in academic and research institutions as well as industrial enterprises.

Examine Area >>> Upper Limb Arteries

Runs from lower border of teres major to neck of radius and ends by dividing into radial and ulnar arteries. Upper limb Arteries contain of three terminal branchs

• Brachial artery
• Radial artery
• Ulnar artery

Blood Flow Test >>> Doppler Utrasound Device

Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to measure your blood flow and blood pressure by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off circulating red blood cells.

 

Project Main Idea

• Bring two young persons one is a smoking person and the other is a non-smoking person.

• Test and calculate their blood flow.

• Simulate the result.

• Compare thier result and see how bad the smoking affects the human blood circulatory.

Project Motivation

According to Man Health Magazine it has been known since the 1950s that the health effects of smoking cigarettes are devastating and include directly causing lung cancer.

There is overwhelming medical and scientific consensus that smoking cigarettes also causes, heart disease, stroke, emphysema and more than 50 other different diseases and disorders, many fatal.

Half of all long term cigarette smokers are likely to be killed by the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, losing an average of 16 years of life.

Every cigarette shortens your life by 14 minutes.

The number of people under 70 years of age dying from diseases as a result of the effects of smoking cigarettes exceeds the total figure for deaths caused by breast cancer, AIDS, traffic accidents and drug addiction. 

There are more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, including 43 known cancer-causing (carcinogenic) compounds and 400 other toxins. 

The Harmful Health Effects of Smoking Cigarettes

• Smoking cigarettes causes cancer.
• Smoking cigarettes causes heart disease and stroke. Early signs of these diseases can be found in adolescents who smoke.
• Cigarette smokers have a lower level of lung function than those persons who have never smoked.
• Smoking cigarettes reduces the rate of lung growth.
• Someone who smokes a pack or more of cigarettes each day lives, on average, 7 years less than someone who never smoked.
• The resting heart rates of young adult cigarette smokers are two to three beats per minute faster than non-smokers. 

That is why I dedicate this project to reflect to people and show them the hazards and danger of smoking ,to the one of most significant circulatory ever -to the human blood circulatory-